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The interaction of neutrinos with graphene allows you to generate electricity
For a long time, scientists found it difficult to scientifically substantiate the mechanism of interaction of neutrinos with matter. On the one hand, it was considered indisputable that the neutrino has a super-penetrating ability, does not interact with matter and pierces the Earth through and through without encountering obstacles. On the other hand, when testing a multilayer nanocoating created by scientists from the Neutrino Energy Group, deposited on a metal foil and consisting of alternating layers of graphene and silicon with the addition of alloying elements, recording devices during testing of an energy plate in a concrete bunker, at a depth of 30 m in a cage Faraday showed the presence of electric current. Such an A-4 size power generating sheet provided a stable electrical output of 2.5-3.0 watts.
Experimentally, scientists have found that the maximum power generation parameters are achieved when 10 to 20 layers of silicon-graphene with the addition of alloying elements are applied to the foil. The nanocoating turns out to be sufficiently dense, which provides the necessary interaction with neutrinos and other particles of the invisible radiation spectrum for efficient conversion of the energy of the surrounding radiation fields into electric current. The preferred total coating thickness is from 0.01 mm to 1 mm, the silicon particles should have a size of 5 nm to 500 nm, particularly preferably 5 nm, and the graphene particles should have a size of 20 nm to 500 nm, particularly preferably 20 nm, since at the use of these parameters increases the efficiency of energy conversion.
Mechanism of neutrino interaction with matter
The mechanism of interaction between neutrinos and matter was substantiated by scientists who took part in the experimental work of COHERENT. The COHERENT experiment in the Oak Ridge laboratory (USA) proved that low-energy neutrinos participate in weak interactions with matter nuclei. In 2017, elastic coherent neutrino scattering was experimentally discovered. ORNL physicist Jason Newby, technical coordinator and one of 11 ORNL contributors at COHERENT, in collaboration with 80 researchers from 19 institutions and four countries, said: neutrinos on nuclei.
The researchers were the first to discover and analyze the coherent elastic scattering of neutrinos by nuclei. A detailed description of the experiments is contained in the article "The world's tiniest neutrino detector discovers a large physics fingerprint". A low-energy neutrino, like a tennis ball colliding with a bowling ball, hits the large and heavy nucleus of an atom and transfers a tiny amount of energy to it. As a result, the core almost imperceptibly bounces off, i.e. Low-energy neutrinos participate in weak interactions with matter nuclei. A similar model of the interaction of high and ultrahigh energy neutrinos with the nuclei of graphene atoms can be taken as a theoretical substantiation of the model for converting neutrino energy into direct electric current. When neutrinos of any energy having a mass collide with the nuclei of graphene atoms, a small “bounce” of graphene atoms occurs, i.e. vibrations of graphene atoms increase. According to the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, the neutrino is at least 500,000 times lighter than the electron; the particle mass is about 1.1 electron volts. This unit is commonly used in atomic physics to define energy, but can also be used to calculate mass.
Taking into account that the flux of neutrinos constantly penetrating the Earth is about 60 billion particles per second through 1 cm2 of the Earth's surface, the interaction of even a very small part of mass neutrinos with a multilayer nanomaterial makes a significant contribution to the total value of the generated direct current.
The stronger the impact of radiation fields, including neutrinos, and the higher the temperature, the stronger the vibrations of graphene atoms. As a result of such an impact, a wave arises in graphene, similar to waves on the surface of the sea, resulting from a combination of small spontaneous movements and leading to the appearance of larger spontaneous movements. The displacement of one atom, summing up with the displacements of other atoms, causes the appearance of surface waves with horizontal polarization, known in acoustics as Love waves. Due to the peculiarities of the graphene crystal lattice, its atoms vibrate as if in tandem, which distinguishes such movements from the spontaneous movements of molecules in liquids. Given that the vibrations of graphene atoms, for example, are 100 times stronger than the vibrations of silicon atoms, then the superposition of the frequency of the external action of radiation fields, including the effect of neutrinos, on the internal frequency of vibrations of "graphene waves" determined by the temperature Brownian motion enhances such vibrations and leads to resonance of atomic vibrations. Atomic vibrations at resonance make it possible to multiply the recoil of electrons upon contact with doped silicon. The coated side of the metal film becomes the positive pole, while the uncoated side becomes the negative pole.
New Neutrinovoltaic power generation technology benefits from seasonal independence and compactness of current converters
An important advantage of the Neutrinovoltaic technology is, first of all, independence from weather conditions, and the generating plates do not take up large areas: they are placed one above the other and pressed together, which ensures a reliable series connection of the plates in the generating cell. Several generating cells that make up the current source are connected to each other in series and / or in parallel until the required current and voltage indicators are reached.
Neutrinovoltaic technology is very flexible and allows you to create power sources of various capacities and geometries for a wide range of applications: from mobile phones to power supply systems for homes and even electric cars. Based on the Neutrinovoltaic technology developed by Neutrino Energy Group, commercial production of Neutrino Power Cubes with an output power of 5 kW for household power supply will begin in Switzerland at the end of 2022-beginning of 2023.
Author: Ph.D. Rumyantsev L.K.
